Free Walking Sightseeing Tour #5 in Groningen, Netherlands

The Helper Line or Helpman's Line was a defensive line south of the Kempkensberg below the city of Groningen. From that height, the artillery of Bernhard von Galen, the Bishop of Münster, had bombarded the fortified city in 1672. The line consisted of a series of bastions, redoubts and bulwarks with a 'dry' moat and a 'wet' horizon in front of it.

Wikipedia: Helperlinie (NL)

The Helpermolen is a former corn and hulling mill in Helpman, a southern district of Groningen.

Wikipedia: Helpermolen (NL)

The Helperkerk is a church building in late eclectic style in the city of Groningen.

Wikipedia: Helperkerk (NL), Website

The Groenestein House is an estate in the Helpman district, in the south of the city of Groningen. It was built in 1685 by Lucas Alting, a well-to-do townsman. It was considerably enlarged in 1871, losing its original shape.

Wikipedia: Huis Groenestein (NL)

At the 950th anniversary in 1990, the city of Groningen received ten so-called city markings: artworks on the important access roads, on the border of the city, and one at the MartiniKrofhof. They are references to the marking function of old city gates. The city marking plan was designed by the architect Daniel Libeskind. Libeskind gave his plan the working title "The Books of Groningen" and every city marker refers to a letter of the old name for the city of Groningen: Cruoninga. Libeskind himself designed the third city marker, he outsourced the rest of the markings to others. He has given the artists six parameters for each artwork, including a certain time, a color and the name of one of the nine muses from Greek mythology. Libeskind also gave the artists that the city markets had to images, present and future. The tenth city marker, designed by Paul Virilio, can be found at the Martinikerkhof in the heart of Stad.

Wikipedia: Stadsmarkering Groningen (NL)